The Evolution of Human Reproductive Effort
Abstract:
Reproductive effort (RE) is of central importance to the evolution of all organisms, including humans. Indeed, it is deeply interwoven with the central tenets of evolution by natural selection as initially described by Darwin and Wallace as well as Life History Theory. RE is commonly expressed as metabolic investment in cells, tissues, and behavior that are central to reproduction. Recent research has shown that investment in RE often results in trade-offs that affect other aspects of physiology and behavior such as physiological processes that contribute to aging. Here I discuss recent theoretical and empirical advances in our understanding of RE in humans including a new look at how the evolution of RE is expressed in cis females and males. Implications for reproductive health and general well-being are also discussed.